報(bào)告顯示，三分之一的英國(guó)青少年認(rèn)為氣候變化被夸大了

Third of UK teenagers believe climate change exaggerated, report shows

2024-01-24 jiangye111 3090 10 3 收藏糾錯(cuò)&舉報(bào)

譯文簡(jiǎn)介

“地球?qū)?huì)很好，人類將會(huì)生存下去，但我們目前所知的文明可能不會(huì)?！薄缎l(wèi)報(bào)》報(bào)道。

正文翻譯

Third of UK teenagers believe climate change exaggerated, report shows
-YouTube criticised for amplifying lies about the climate with disinformation videos watched by young people

報(bào)告顯示，三分之一的英國(guó)青少年認(rèn)為氣候變化被夸大了
——YouTube被批評(píng)用年輕人觀看的虛假信息視頻放大有關(guān)氣候的謊言

(Extinction Rebellion protesters at YouTube’s London office in 2019. Recent denial videos on the platform attempt to discredit climate solutions.)

（2019年，“滅絕叛亂”抗議者聚集在YouTube倫敦辦公室。該平臺(tái)最近發(fā)布的否認(rèn)視頻試圖抹黑氣候解決方案。）
新聞：

A third of UK teenagers believe climate change is “exaggerated”, a report has found, as YouTube videos promoting a new kind of climate denial aimed at young people proliferate on the platform.

一份報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn)，三分之一的英國(guó)青少年認(rèn)為氣候變化被“夸大”了，因?yàn)獒槍?duì)年輕人的一種新型否認(rèn)氣候變化的視頻在YouTube平臺(tái)上激增。

Previously, most climate deniers pushed the belief that climate breakdown was not happening or, if it was, that humans were not causing it. Now, the Center for Countering Digital Hate (CCDH) has found that most climate denial videos on YouTube push the idea that climate solutions do not work, climate science and the climate movement are unreliable, or that the effects of global heating are beneficial or harmless.

以前，大多數(shù)氣候否認(rèn)者堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為氣候崩潰沒有發(fā)生，或者即使發(fā)生了，也不是人類造成的。現(xiàn)在，反數(shù)字仇恨中心發(fā)現(xiàn)，YouTube上大多數(shù)否認(rèn)氣候變化的視頻都在宣揚(yáng)這樣的觀點(diǎn)：氣候解決方案不起作用，氣候科學(xué)和氣候運(yùn)動(dòng)不可靠，或者全球變暖的影響是有益的或無害的。

Researchers from the CCDH gathered a dataset of text transcxts from 12,058 climate-related YouTube videos posted by 96 channels over almost six years from 1 January 2018 to 30 September 2023. They also included the results of a nationally representative survey conducted by polling company Survation which found 31% of UK respondents aged 13 to 17 agreed with the statement “Climate change and its effects are being purposefully overexaggerated”. This rose to 37% of teenagers categorised as heavy users of social media, meaning they reported using any one platform for more than four hours a day.

反數(shù)字仇恨中心的研究人員收集了從2018年1月1日至2023年9月30日近六年間96個(gè)頻道發(fā)布的12058個(gè)與氣候相關(guān)的YouTube視頻的文本數(shù)據(jù)集。他們還囊括了民意調(diào)查公司Survation進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)具有全國(guó)代表性的調(diào)查結(jié)果——該調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，31%的13至17歲的英國(guó)受訪者贊同“氣候變化及其影響被有意夸大”的說法。37%的青少年被歸類為重度社交媒體用戶，這意味著他們每天使用任何一個(gè)平臺(tái)的時(shí)間超過4小時(shí)。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://equalizerredsea.com 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處

The report published on Tuesday shows a shift from the “old denial” – that climate change is not happening or not anthropogenic – to the “new denial”.

周二發(fā)布的這份報(bào)告顯示，人們從“舊否認(rèn)”（即氣候變化沒有發(fā)生或不是人為造成的）轉(zhuǎn)向了“新否認(rèn)”。

These new denial narratives that question the science and solutions for climate change constituted 35% of all climate denial on YouTube in 2018, but now represent the large majority (70%). Over the same period, the share of old denial has dropped from 65% to 30% of total claims.

2018年，這些質(zhì)疑氣候變化的科學(xué)和解決方案的新否認(rèn)敘事占YouTube上所有否認(rèn)氣候變化的敘事的35%，但現(xiàn)在占了絕大多數(shù)（70%）。在同一時(shí)期，舊否認(rèn)的比例從65%下降到30%。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://equalizerredsea.com 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處

The report authors believe that this shift is because the scientific evidence is now more accepted and hard to dispute, so those aiming to win people over to climate denial and delay must discredit the solutions and people pushing for climate action.

該報(bào)告的作者認(rèn)為，這種轉(zhuǎn)變是因?yàn)榭茖W(xué)證據(jù)現(xiàn)在更容易被接受，而且很難受到質(zhì)疑，所以那些旨在說服人們否認(rèn)和拖延氣候變化的人必須詆毀解決方案和推動(dòng)氣候行動(dòng)的人。

Imran Ahmed, chief executive of the CCDH, said: “Scientists have won the battle to inform the public about climate change and its causes, which is why those opposed to climate action have cynically switched focus to undermining confidence in solutions and in science itself.”

反數(shù)字仇恨中心的首席執(zhí)行官伊姆蘭·艾哈邁德說：“科學(xué)家們贏得了向公眾宣傳氣候變化及其原因的戰(zhàn)斗，這就是為什么那些反對(duì)氣候行動(dòng)的人憤世嫉俗地把注意力轉(zhuǎn)向了破壞對(duì)解決方案和科學(xué)本身的信心?！?/b>
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This mentality has seeped into UK politics, with rightwing politicians having campaigned for years to persuade the public that net zero is unachievable and too expensive, and that technologies including electric cars and heat pumps do not work. The prime minister, Rishi Sunak, has said recently that climate solutions are too expensive and rowed back on net zero commitments.

這種心態(tài)已滲入英國(guó)政治，右翼政客多年來一直在游說公眾，讓他們相信凈零排放是不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的，而且成本太高，電動(dòng)汽車和熱泵等技術(shù)也行不通。首相蘇納克最近表示，氣候解決方案過于昂貴，并收回了凈零排放的承諾。
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Young people are particularly heavy users of YouTube – the Pew Research Center recently found 13- to 17-year-olds use YouTube more than any other social media platform, with 71% using it daily.

年輕人是YouTube的重度用戶——皮尤研究中心最近發(fā)現(xiàn)，13至17歲的年輕人使用YouTube的次數(shù)超過了其他任何社交媒體平臺(tái)，71%的人每天都使用YouTube。
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Examples highlighted by the report of channels which push these new denial messages include the online figure Jordan Peterson (7.64 million subscribers), and channels such as BlazeTV (1.92 million subscribers) and PragerU (3.21 million subscribers).

報(bào)告中強(qiáng)調(diào)的推送這些新拒絕信息的渠道包括在線數(shù)字喬丹·彼得森（764萬訂閱者），以及BlazeTV（192萬訂閱者）和PragerU（321萬訂閱者）等渠道。
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Ahmed added: “Young people spend a huge amount of time on video-sharing platforms like YouTube. These new forms of climate denial, which have proliferated rapidly over the last six years, are designed to confuse and weaken public support for climate action in the coming decades.

艾哈邁德補(bǔ)充說：“年輕人在YouTube等視頻分享平臺(tái)上花費(fèi)了大量時(shí)間。這些否認(rèn)氣候變化的新形式在過去六年中迅速擴(kuò)散，其目的是混淆和削弱公眾對(duì)未來幾十年氣候行動(dòng)的支持。
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“It is hypocritical for social media companies to claim to be green but then monetise and amplify lies about the climate.

“社交媒體公司聲稱自己是綠色企業(yè)，但隨后將其貨幣化并放大有關(guān)氣候的謊言，這是虛偽的。
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“It is time for digital platforms to put their money where their mouth is. They should refuse to amplify or monetise cynical climate denial content that undermines faith in our collective capacity to solve humanity’s most pressing challenge.”

“現(xiàn)在是數(shù)字平臺(tái)付諸行動(dòng)的時(shí)候了。他們應(yīng)該拒絕放大或貨幣化憤世嫉俗的否認(rèn)氣候變化的內(nèi)容，這些內(nèi)容破壞了人們對(duì)我們解決人類最緊迫挑戰(zhàn)的集體能力的信心?！?/b>
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YouTube and Google, which owns the video platform, have been urged to stop promoting climate disinformation on their platforms. The report found that large brands and non-profits had paid-for adverts next to many of the widely viewed videos containing new denial messages.

YouTube和擁有該視頻平臺(tái)的谷歌已被敦促停止在其平臺(tái)上宣傳氣候虛假信息。該報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn)，大品牌和非營(yíng)利組織在許多被廣泛觀看的視頻旁邊投放了付費(fèi)廣告，其中包含新拒絕信息。
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Michael Khoo, a climate disinformation expert at Friends of the Earth, said: “Big tech fuels the spread of denial that is stopping climate action. We’ve pressured Google to stop supporting climate denial in the past, but they’ve done little. The New Climate Denial report shows a disturbing shift in the tactics used by bad actors to derail the action needed to avert further disaster.

地球之友的氣候虛假信息專家邁克爾·邱表示：“大型科技公司助長(zhǎng)了否認(rèn)的傳播，阻礙了氣候行動(dòng)。過去，我們?cè)蚬雀枋海笃渫Ｖ怪С址裾J(rèn)氣候變化的言論，但他們幾乎無所作為?！缎路裾J(rèn)氣候變化報(bào)告》顯示，不良行為者所使用的策略發(fā)生了令人不安的轉(zhuǎn)變，以破壞避免進(jìn)一步災(zāi)難所需的行動(dòng)。
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“Platforms like YouTube have developed technology to monopolise young people’s attention and shouldn’t direct that towards climate denial. All social media companies must stop amplifying and profiting off the climate denial that threatens action on the most pressing crisis of human history.”

“像YouTube這樣的平臺(tái)已經(jīng)開發(fā)出技術(shù)來壟斷年輕人的注意力，不應(yīng)該將其引向否認(rèn)氣候變化。所有社交媒體公司都必須停止放大和利用否認(rèn)氣候變化的言論，這種言論威脅到了對(duì)人類歷史上最緊迫的危機(jī)采取的行動(dòng)?！?/b>
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A YouTube spokesperson said: “Our climate change policy prohibits ads from running on content that contradicts well-established scientific consensus around the existence and causes of climate change. Debate or discussions of climate change topics, including around public policy or research, is allowed. However, when content crosses the line to climate change denial, we stop showing ads on those videos. We also display information panels under relevant videos to provide additional information on climate change and context from third parties.”

YouTube的一位發(fā)言人表示：“我們的氣候變化政策禁止廣告播放與圍繞氣候變化存在及其原因的既定科學(xué)共識(shí)相矛盾的內(nèi)容。允許就氣候變化話題進(jìn)行辯論或討論，包括圍繞公共政策或研究的辯論或討論。然而，當(dāng)內(nèi)容跨越了否認(rèn)氣候變化的界限時(shí)，我們就會(huì)停止在這些視頻上播放廣告。我們還在相關(guān)視頻下展示信息面板，提供來自第三方的有關(guān)氣候變化和背景的額外信息?！?br />
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評(píng)論翻譯

BAT-OUT-OF-HECK
How are they defining exaggerated?
You can believe that climate change is real, and human made, and should have been mitigated decades ago while still disagreeing with some of the hyperbole out there.
If I believe that the world is going to be blighted with famine, resource wars and societal upheaval due to climate change, but don't believe the planet is at risk of becoming a lifeless desert does that qualify as thinking it's exaggerated? Genuine question

他們是怎么定義“夸大”的？
你可以相信氣候變化是真實(shí)的，是人為造成的，幾十年前就應(yīng)該得到緩解，同時(shí)仍然不贊同一些夸張的說法。
如果我相信世界將因氣候變化而飽受饑荒、資源戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩的折磨，但不相信地球有變成一片死寂的沙漠的危險(xiǎn)，這是否符合認(rèn)為這是在“夸大”呢？這才是真正的問題

pmmichalowski
It's not, the planet will be fine, humans will survive, civilisation as we currently know it might not.

事實(shí)并非如此，地球?qū)?huì)很好，人類將會(huì)生存下去，但我們目前所知的文明可能不會(huì)。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://equalizerredsea.com 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處

mountainlopen
Yeah, look how quickly shit hits the fan when a few ships are blocked in the Suez Canal or their are interruptions in the food chain (Ukraine). Now imagine many regions stop being able to produce food... We complain about migrants now... Now imagine the Middle East becoming inhospitable due to rising temperature. Many people leave and it causes a chain reaction of migration. It's not pretty. It's the geopolitical turnmoil and inevitable conflict over productive / safe land that will change things long before weather kills people.

是的，看看當(dāng)幾艘船被封鎖在蘇伊士運(yùn)河或者他們（烏克蘭）食物鏈被中斷時(shí)，事情搞砸的速度有多快吧。現(xiàn)在想象一下，許多地區(qū)不再能夠生產(chǎn)糧食……我們現(xiàn)在抱怨移民…現(xiàn)在想象一下，由于氣溫上升，中東變得不適合居住。許多人離開，這導(dǎo)致了移民的連鎖反應(yīng)。這個(gè)場(chǎng)景不美好。地緣政治的動(dòng)蕩和不可避免的生產(chǎn)性/安全土地的沖突將在天氣殺死人類之前就先改變一切。

Weak_Reaction_8857
Same as anti-vax.
You can believe that vaccines work and don't cause autism and yet also believe that big pharmaceutical companies are not our friends and would screw us for profit as evidenced by Pfizer paying the largest settlement in human history.

就和反疫苗一樣。
你可以相信疫苗是有效的，不會(huì)導(dǎo)致自閉癥，但你也可以相信大型制藥公司不是我們的朋友，他們會(huì)為了利潤(rùn)而壓榨我們，輝瑞公司支付了人類歷史上最大的和解金就是明證。

The_Mercian
I was told at school places in the Uk would be under water by 25. You see people on Reddit saying things like the food will run out in 2030 etc etc. lots of people do greatly exaggerate climate change. Which is ridiculous because the reality of it is already catastrophic enough but it’s like people want to believe they’re living in day after tomorrow where things happen quickly.

我在學(xué)校時(shí)被告知，英國(guó)的一些地方到25年就會(huì)被水淹沒。你在紅迪上看到人們說食物將在2030年耗盡等等，很多人確實(shí)大大夸大了氣候變化。這是荒謬的，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)已經(jīng)夠?yàn)?zāi)難性的了，但搞得好像人們想要相信他們生活在“后天”，事情會(huì)來得很快似的。

adkenna
Not sure which school you went to, I was educated about climate change but was also told that we likely won't see any major impact from it in our lifetime, however if we don't do something now future generations are the ones who will suffer as it will be too late to change things.

不知道你上的是哪所學(xué)校，我接受了氣候變化方面的教育，但也被告知，我們可能在有生之年不會(huì)看到氣候變化帶來的任何重大影響，然而，如果我們現(xiàn)在不做點(diǎn)什么，未來的幾代人將會(huì)受到影響，因?yàn)榈牡鹊侥菚r(shí)再采取措施已經(jīng)為時(shí)已晚了。

fhdhsu
How can they not when we have been constantly barraged for the last 40 years with messages stating, “if we do not fix our ways by [current year + 5], climate change will be irreversible and the world will be devastated”
You can only make those claims a couple of times before people get fed up.

在過去的40年里，我們不斷聽到這樣的信息：“如果我們不在（目前是5年）內(nèi)改變我們的方式，氣候變化將是不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的，世界將被摧毀?！?br /> 你只能說幾次，然后人們就會(huì)厭倦。

admuh
Even if the whole world went net zero tomorrow the earth would continue to heat up due to emissions already released.
You're also forgetting tipping points, permafrost traps methane, snow reflects sunlight (heat) etc, as well as extreme weather events causing issues like crop failures and thus famine and thus geopolitical instability.
Even if your skeptical, clearly some very rich and powerful people have a vested interest in us continuing to use energy that they control and supply. Even if climate change wasn't a thing, and if air pollution wasn't either, I would want Britain to produce its own energy rather than bankrolling dictatorships hostile to the UK.

即使明天整個(gè)世界凈零排放，由于已經(jīng)釋放的排放物，地球也會(huì)繼續(xù)變暖的。
你也忘記了臨界點(diǎn)，永久凍土捕獲甲烷，雪反射陽(yáng)光（熱）等等，以及極端天氣事件導(dǎo)致諸如作物歉收、饑荒和地緣政治不穩(wěn)定等問題。
即使你持懷疑態(tài)度，很明顯，一些非常富有和有權(quán)的人在我們繼續(xù)使用他們所控制和供應(yīng)的能源方面有著既得利益（因此推動(dòng)改變的阻力巨大）。但即使氣候變化不是個(gè)問題，如果空氣污染也不是個(gè)問題，我也希望英國(guó)自己生產(chǎn)能源，而不是資助敵視英國(guó)的獨(dú)裁政權(quán)。

SuperCleverPunName
We haven't reached that point yet. We're super close, but the tipping point hasn't been reached.

我們還沒有到達(dá)那個(gè)點(diǎn)。我們已經(jīng)非常接近了，但還沒有達(dá)到臨界點(diǎn)。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://equalizerredsea.com 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處

detcholmes
For the past 50 years the most vocal predictions of climate change have proven false. In the 70s it was an apocalyptic ice age. In the 90s it was half of the eastern seaboard of the US underwater. The truth is that the climate extremists have driven the narrative and people aren't caring anymore when the boy cries wolf. It also matters that all solutions for climate change tend to make the rich better off and the poor poorer.

在過去的50年里，對(duì)氣候變化最直言不諱的預(yù)測(cè)被證明是錯(cuò)誤的。在70年代是“世界末日的冰河時(shí)代”。上世紀(jì)90年代，是“美國(guó)東海岸一半的地區(qū)都被海水淹沒”。事實(shí)是，氣候極端分子主導(dǎo)了敘事，并且當(dāng)男孩喊狼來了，人們已經(jīng)不再關(guān)心了。同樣重要的是，所有氣候變化的解決方案往往會(huì)讓富人更富裕，窮人更窮。

hoorahforsnakes
I do think that a lot of the climate messaging has historically been too doommongery that it washes off people and makes it easier to ignore.
There is no doubt that climate change is a real issue, but the real insidious part is that the changes are gradual, and the messaging makes it seem like an apocalypse is just around the corner. And this disconnect between the messaging and reality makes it easier for people to write the whole thing off as fake rather than the reality which is that things really are bad, it's just an issue of scale

我確實(shí)認(rèn)為，從歷史上看，很多氣候信息都太過悲觀，以至于讓人們忽略了它。
毫無疑問，氣候變化是一個(gè)真實(shí)的問題，但真正潛藏的部分是，這些變化是漸進(jìn)的，而這些信息讓人覺得世界末日即將來臨。這種信息和現(xiàn)實(shí)之間的脫節(jié)使得人們更容易把整個(gè)事情寫成假的，而不是事實(shí)，事情真的很糟糕，這只是一個(gè)跨度的問題

Slothjitzu 1
This is exactly why climate denial is so rife.
The majority of people over the age of 30 have stumbled across at least one kind of disastrous prediction of imminent doom fail to pass.
If you actually consume a lot of news regularly or are interested in the topic, probably multiple of them.
It's not hard to see why some people come to the conclusion that they're lying, as opposed to merely exaggerating.

這正是否認(rèn)氣候變化如此盛行的原因。
大多數(shù)30歲以上的人都至少遇到過一種關(guān)于“即將到來的世界末日”的災(zāi)難性預(yù)測(cè)。
如果你確實(shí)經(jīng)?？春芏嘈侣?，或者對(duì)某個(gè)話題感興趣，可能會(huì)看到很多這種。
不難看出為什么有些人會(huì)得出“他們?cè)谌鲋e”的結(jié)論，而不是僅僅夸大其詞。

Bionic-Bear
Eh, there's a middle ground between don't believe it exists and thinking we are all going to die. I absolutely believe climate change exists but also fall into the camp that believes it's greatly exaggerated by people who have a predisposition to fear. Climate is clearly changing and it's almost certainly being affected and expedited by humans but do I believe that humans will be extinct by the end of the century (a comment I saw just yesterday) ... No, I don't.

嗯，在不相信它的存在和認(rèn)為我們都會(huì)死之間有一個(gè)中間地帶。我絕對(duì)相信氣候變化是存在的，但我也屬于認(rèn)為氣候變化被容易恐懼的人夸大了的陣營(yíng)。氣候顯然在變化，而且?guī)缀蹩隙ㄊ鞘艿搅巳祟惖挠绊懞图铀?，但我相信人類?huì)在本世紀(jì)末滅絕嗎（我昨天才看到的評(píng)論）…不，我不相信。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://equalizerredsea.com 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處

peterpan080809
It’s a really difficult area to be actually right about, the evidence in itself is disputed on global media by many scientists. Lobbying causes all sorts of issues in the science community from pretty much everywhere trying to score political or economic points. (Oil lobbying for example).
The messaging and communication about the situation also vastly different to what you watch, learn or be informed about because of bias. Social media I’m looking at you.
Young people are sponges, they learn off others and the majority are yet to learn critical thinking to form solid opinions. They also tend to be loudest in the room.

這是一個(gè)很難正確判斷的領(lǐng)域，證據(jù)本身在全球媒體上受到許多科學(xué)家的爭(zhēng)議。游說在科學(xué)界引起了各種各樣的問題，幾乎每個(gè)地方都試圖在政治或經(jīng)濟(jì)上得分。（石油游說就是例子）。
由于偏見，關(guān)于這種情況的信息和交流也與你所看到的、學(xué)到的或被告知的大不相同。社交媒體，我說的就是你。
年輕人是海綿，他們從別人那里學(xué)習(xí)，大多數(shù)人還沒有學(xué)會(huì)批判性思維來形成堅(jiān)定的觀點(diǎn)。他們也往往是房間里聲音最大的群體。

Mad_Mark90
Kinda demonstrates the effect the Tories have had on the state of UK education.

從某種程度上說明了保守黨對(duì)英國(guó)教育狀況的影響。

三分之一 英國(guó) 青少年 氣候

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