Denmark imposes world's first carbon tax on flatulent farm animals

世界上首次，丹麥對產(chǎn)生氣體的農(nóng)場動物征收碳稅

The European country's goal is to reduce Danish greenhouse gas emissions by 70% from 1990 levels by 2030

這個歐洲國家的目標是到 2030 年，將丹麥的溫室氣體排放量從 1990 年的水平減少 70%

Associated Press
Published June 26, 2024 9:43am EDT
·Denmark will tax livestock farmers for greenhouse gases emitted by cows, sheep, and pigs starting in 2030, becoming the first country to target this major source of methane emissions.

·從 2030 年開始，丹麥將對牛、羊和豬排放的溫室氣體向畜牧業(yè)者征稅，成為第一個針對這一主要甲烷排放源的國家。

·The European country's goal is to reduce Danish greenhouse gas emissions by 70% from 1990 levels by 2030.

·這個歐洲國家的目標是到 2030 年，將丹麥的溫室氣體排放量從 1990 年的水平減少 70%。

·From 2030, livestock farmers will be taxed $43 per ton of carbon dioxide equivalent, increasing to $108 by 2035.

·從 2030 年起，畜牧業(yè)者每噸二氧化碳當量的稅額為 43 美元，到 2035 年將增加到 108 美元。

Denmark will tax livestock farmers for the greenhouse gases emitted by their cows, sheep and pigs from 2030, the first country in the world to do so as it targets a major source of methane emissions, one of the most potent gases contributing to global warming.

從2030年起，丹麥將對畜牧業(yè)者牛、羊和豬排放的溫室氣體征稅，這是世界上第一個這樣做的國家，因為它的目標是甲烷排放的主要來源，甲烷是導致全球變暖的最有效氣體之一。

The aim is to reduce Danish greenhouse gas emissions by 70% from 1990 levels by 2030, said Taxation Minister Jeppe Bruus.

目標是到2030年將丹麥的溫室氣體排放量從1990年的水平減少70%，稅務部長Jeppe Bruus說。
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As of 2030, Danish livestock farmers will be taxed $43 per ton of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2030. The tax will increase to $108 by 2035. However, because of an income tax deduction of 60%, the actual cost per ton will start at $17.3 and increase to $28 by 2035.

到 2030 年，丹麥畜牧業(yè)者將被征稅每噸二氧化碳當量 43 美元。到 2035 年，稅收將增加到 108 美元。然而，由于所得稅減免了60%，每噸的實際成本將會從17.3美元開始，到2035年將增加到28美元。

Although carbon dioxide typically gets more attention for its role in climate change, methane traps about 87 times more heat on a 20-year timescale, according to the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

根據(jù)美國國家海洋和大氣管理局（U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration）的數(shù)據(jù)，盡管二氧化碳通常因其在氣候變化中的作用而受到更多關注，但在20年的時間尺度上，甲烷捕捉的熱量大約是二氧化碳的87倍。


Cows graze in a field in Luncavita, Romania, on May 21, 2019. Denmark will impose cattle farmers with a tax on livestock carbon dioxide emissions from 2030, claiming it will be the first country to do so, in a move to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from each of their cows. (AP Photo/Vadim Ghirda, File)

2019年5月21日，奶牛在羅馬尼亞倫卡維塔的田野里吃草。丹麥將從 2030 年開始對養(yǎng)牛戶征收牲畜二氧化碳排放稅，聲稱將是第一個這樣做的國家，以減少每頭奶牛的溫室氣體排放。

Levels of methane, which is emitted from sources including landfills, oil and natural gas systems and livestock, have increased particularly quickly since 2020. Livestock accounts for about 32% of human-caused methane emissions, says the U.N. Environment Program.

自 2020 年以來，垃圾填埋場、石油和天然氣系統(tǒng)以及牲畜等來源排放的甲烷水平增長尤為迅速。聯(lián)合國環(huán)境規(guī)劃署表示，牲畜約占人為甲烷排放量的32%。

"We will take a big step closer in becoming climate neutral in 2045," Bruus said, adding Denmark "will be the first country in the world to introduce a real CO2 tax on agriculture" and hoped other countries would follow suit.

“我們將在 2045 年實現(xiàn)氣候中和方面邁出一大步，”布魯斯（Bruus）說，并補充說丹麥“將成為世界上第一個對農(nóng)業(yè)征收實際二氧化碳稅的國家”，并希望其他國家效仿。
【這里的布魯斯（Bruus）是丹麥的稅務部長】

New Zealand had passed a similar law due to take effect in 2025. However, the legislation was removed from the statute book on Wednesday after hefty criticism from farmers and a change of government at the 2023 election from a center-left ruling bloc to a center-right one. New Zealand said it would exclude agriculture from its emissions trading scheme in favor of exploring other ways to reduce methane.

新西蘭也通過了一項類似的法律，將于2025年生效。然而，在受到農(nóng)民的嚴厲批評以及 2023 年大選中，政府從中左翼統(tǒng)治集團轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橹杏乙斫y(tǒng)治集團之后，該立法于周三從法規(guī)中刪除。新西蘭表示，將把農(nóng)業(yè)排除在其排放交易計劃之外，轉(zhuǎn)而探索其他減少甲烷的方法。

In Denmark, the deal was reached late Monday between the center-right government and representatives of farmers, the industry, unxs, among others, and presented Tuesday.

在丹麥，該協(xié)議于周一晚些時候由中右翼政府與農(nóng)民、行業(yè)、工會等代表達成，并于周二提交。

Denmark's move comes after months of protests by farmers across Europe against climate change mitigation measures and regulations that they say are driving them to bankruptcy.

丹麥的舉動是在歐洲各地農(nóng)民抗議氣候變化緩解措施和法規(guī)的數(shù)月之后采取的，農(nóng)民說這些措施和法規(guī)正在迫使他們破產(chǎn)。

The Danish Society for Nature Conservation, the largest nature conservation and environmental organization in Denmark, described the tax agreement as "a historic compromise."

丹麥最大的自然保護和環(huán)境組織丹麥自然保護協(xié)會（Danish Society for Nature Conservation）將該稅收協(xié)議描述為“歷史性的妥協(xié)方案”。

"We have succeeded in landing a compromise on a CO2 tax, which lays the groundwork for a restructured food industry -– also on the other side of 2030," its head Maria Reumert Gjerding said after the talks in which they took part.

“我們已經(jīng)成功地在二氧化碳稅方面達成了妥協(xié)，這為重組食品行業(yè)奠定了基礎 - 也包括2030年之后，”其負責人瑪麗亞·雷烏默特·耶爾?。∕aria Reumert Gjerding）在參加會談后表示。

A typical Danish cow produces 6.6 tons of CO2 equivalent per year. Denmark, which is a large dairy and pork exporter, will also tax pigs, although cows produce far higher emissions than pigs.

一頭標準的丹麥奶牛每年產(chǎn)生 6.6 噸二氧化碳當量。丹麥(一個大型乳制品和豬肉出口國)也將對豬征稅，盡管奶牛的排放量遠高于豬。

The tax is to be approved in the 179-seat Folketing, or parliament, but the bill is expected to pass after the broad-based consensus.

該稅在擁有179個席位的丹麥國會（Folketing），又叫議會（parliament），中獲得批準，該法案預計將在得到廣泛共識后通過。

According to Statistic Denmark, there were as of June 30, 2022, 1,484,377 cows in the Scandinavian country, a slight drop compared to the previous year.

根據(jù)丹麥統(tǒng)計局的數(shù)據(jù)，截至 2022 年 6 月 30 日，斯堪的納維亞國家有 1,484,377 頭奶牛，與上一年相比略有下降。
【Scandinavian country：斯堪的納維亞國家：指位于北歐半島上的丹麥、挪威和瑞典三個國家?！?br />