Denmark imposes world's first carbon tax on flatulent farm animals

世界上首次,丹麥對(duì)產(chǎn)生氣體的農(nóng)場(chǎng)動(dòng)物征收碳稅

The European country's goal is to reduce Danish greenhouse gas emissions by 70% from 1990 levels by 2030

這個(gè)歐洲國(guó)家的目標(biāo)是到 2030 年,將丹麥的溫室氣體排放量從 1990 年的水平減少 70%

Associated Press
Published June 26, 2024 9:43am EDT
·Denmark will tax livestock farmers for greenhouse gases emitted by cows, sheep, and pigs starting in 2030, becoming the first country to target this major source of methane emissions.

·從 2030 年開始,丹麥將對(duì)牛、羊和豬排放的溫室氣體向畜牧業(yè)者征稅,成為第一個(gè)針對(duì)這一主要甲烷排放源的國(guó)家。

·The European country's goal is to reduce Danish greenhouse gas emissions by 70% from 1990 levels by 2030.

·這個(gè)歐洲國(guó)家的目標(biāo)是到 2030 年,將丹麥的溫室氣體排放量從 1990 年的水平減少 70%。

·From 2030, livestock farmers will be taxed $43 per ton of carbon dioxide equivalent, increasing to $108 by 2035.

·從 2030 年起,畜牧業(yè)者每噸二氧化碳當(dāng)量的稅額為 43 美元,到 2035 年將增加到 108 美元。

Denmark will tax livestock farmers for the greenhouse gases emitted by their cows, sheep and pigs from 2030, the first country in the world to do so as it targets a major source of methane emissions, one of the most potent gases contributing to global warming.

從2030年起,丹麥將對(duì)畜牧業(yè)者牛、羊和豬排放的溫室氣體征稅,這是世界上第一個(gè)這樣做的國(guó)家,因?yàn)樗哪繕?biāo)是甲烷排放的主要來(lái)源,甲烷是導(dǎo)致全球變暖的最有效氣體之一。

The aim is to reduce Danish greenhouse gas emissions by 70% from 1990 levels by 2030, said Taxation Minister Jeppe Bruus.

目標(biāo)是到2030年將丹麥的溫室氣體排放量從1990年的水平減少70%,稅務(wù)部長(zhǎng)Jeppe Bruus說(shuō)。
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As of 2030, Danish livestock farmers will be taxed $43 per ton of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2030. The tax will increase to $108 by 2035. However, because of an income tax deduction of 60%, the actual cost per ton will start at $17.3 and increase to $28 by 2035.

到 2030 年,丹麥畜牧業(yè)者將被征稅每噸二氧化碳當(dāng)量 43 美元。到 2035 年,稅收將增加到 108 美元。然而,由于所得稅減免了60%,每噸的實(shí)際成本將會(huì)從17.3美元開始,到2035年將增加到28美元。

Although carbon dioxide typically gets more attention for its role in climate change, methane traps about 87 times more heat on a 20-year timescale, according to the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

根據(jù)美國(guó)國(guó)家海洋和大氣管理局(U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)的數(shù)據(jù),盡管二氧化碳通常因其在氣候變化中的作用而受到更多關(guān)注,但在20年的時(shí)間尺度上,甲烷捕捉的熱量大約是二氧化碳的87倍。


Cows graze in a field in Luncavita, Romania, on May 21, 2019. Denmark will impose cattle farmers with a tax on livestock carbon dioxide emissions from 2030, claiming it will be the first country to do so, in a move to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from each of their cows. (AP Photo/Vadim Ghirda, File)

2019年5月21日,奶牛在羅馬尼亞倫卡維塔的田野里吃草。丹麥將從 2030 年開始對(duì)養(yǎng)牛戶征收牲畜二氧化碳排放稅,聲稱將是第一個(gè)這樣做的國(guó)家,以減少每頭奶牛的溫室氣體排放。

Levels of methane, which is emitted from sources including landfills, oil and natural gas systems and livestock, have increased particularly quickly since 2020. Livestock accounts for about 32% of human-caused methane emissions, says the U.N. Environment Program.

自 2020 年以來(lái),垃圾填埋場(chǎng)、石油和天然氣系統(tǒng)以及牲畜等來(lái)源排放的甲烷水平增長(zhǎng)尤為迅速。聯(lián)合國(guó)環(huán)境規(guī)劃署表示,牲畜約占人為甲烷排放量的32%。

"We will take a big step closer in becoming climate neutral in 2045," Bruus said, adding Denmark "will be the first country in the world to introduce a real CO2 tax on agriculture" and hoped other countries would follow suit.

“我們將在 2045 年實(shí)現(xiàn)氣候中和方面邁出一大步,”布魯斯(Bruus)說(shuō),并補(bǔ)充說(shuō)丹麥“將成為世界上第一個(gè)對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)征收實(shí)際二氧化碳稅的國(guó)家”,并希望其他國(guó)家效仿。
【這里的布魯斯(Bruus)是丹麥的稅務(wù)部長(zhǎng)】

New Zealand had passed a similar law due to take effect in 2025. However, the legislation was removed from the statute book on Wednesday after hefty criticism from farmers and a change of government at the 2023 election from a center-left ruling bloc to a center-right one. New Zealand said it would exclude agriculture from its emissions trading scheme in favor of exploring other ways to reduce methane.

新西蘭也通過(guò)了一項(xiàng)類似的法律,將于2025年生效。然而,在受到農(nóng)民的嚴(yán)厲批評(píng)以及 2023 年大選中,政府從中左翼統(tǒng)治集團(tuán)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橹杏乙斫y(tǒng)治集團(tuán)之后,該立法于周三從法規(guī)中刪除。新西蘭表示,將把農(nóng)業(yè)排除在其排放交易計(jì)劃之外,轉(zhuǎn)而探索其他減少甲烷的方法。

In Denmark, the deal was reached late Monday between the center-right government and representatives of farmers, the industry, unxs, among others, and presented Tuesday.

在丹麥,該協(xié)議于周一晚些時(shí)候由中右翼政府與農(nóng)民、行業(yè)、工會(huì)等代表達(dá)成,并于周二提交。

Denmark's move comes after months of protests by farmers across Europe against climate change mitigation measures and regulations that they say are driving them to bankruptcy.

丹麥的舉動(dòng)是在歐洲各地農(nóng)民抗議氣候變化緩解措施和法規(guī)的數(shù)月之后采取的,農(nóng)民說(shuō)這些措施和法規(guī)正在迫使他們破產(chǎn)。

The Danish Society for Nature Conservation, the largest nature conservation and environmental organization in Denmark, described the tax agreement as "a historic compromise."

丹麥最大的自然保護(hù)和環(huán)境組織丹麥自然保護(hù)協(xié)會(huì)(Danish Society for Nature Conservation)將該稅收協(xié)議描述為“歷史性的妥協(xié)方案”。

"We have succeeded in landing a compromise on a CO2 tax, which lays the groundwork for a restructured food industry -– also on the other side of 2030," its head Maria Reumert Gjerding said after the talks in which they took part.

“我們已經(jīng)成功地在二氧化碳稅方面達(dá)成了妥協(xié),這為重組食品行業(yè)奠定了基礎(chǔ) - 也包括2030年之后,”其負(fù)責(zé)人瑪麗亞·雷烏默特·耶爾?。∕aria Reumert Gjerding)在參加會(huì)談后表示。

A typical Danish cow produces 6.6 tons of CO2 equivalent per year. Denmark, which is a large dairy and pork exporter, will also tax pigs, although cows produce far higher emissions than pigs.

一頭標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的丹麥奶牛每年產(chǎn)生 6.6 噸二氧化碳當(dāng)量。丹麥(一個(gè)大型乳制品和豬肉出口國(guó))也將對(duì)豬征稅,盡管奶牛的排放量遠(yuǎn)高于豬。

The tax is to be approved in the 179-seat Folketing, or parliament, but the bill is expected to pass after the broad-based consensus.

該稅在擁有179個(gè)席位的丹麥國(guó)會(huì)(Folketing),又叫議會(huì)(parliament),中獲得批準(zhǔn),該法案預(yù)計(jì)將在得到廣泛共識(shí)后通過(guò)。

According to Statistic Denmark, there were as of June 30, 2022, 1,484,377 cows in the Scandinavian country, a slight drop compared to the previous year.

根據(jù)丹麥統(tǒng)計(jì)局的數(shù)據(jù),截至 2022 年 6 月 30 日,斯堪的納維亞國(guó)家有 1,484,377 頭奶牛,與上一年相比略有下降。
【Scandinavian country:斯堪的納維亞國(guó)家:指位于北歐半島上的丹麥、挪威和瑞典三個(gè)國(guó)家?!?br />