為什么許多東南亞人和東亞人看起來相似？
Why do many Southeast Asians and East Asians look similar?
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網(wǎng)友：低基因多樣性。他們曾經(jīng)有更高的基因多樣性，但黃河流域的人（起源于現(xiàn)在的中國東部）征服了東亞的其他所有土著群體，如繩文人、愛努人、準(zhǔn)噶爾人、百越人......
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Low genetic diversity.
They used to have more genetic diversity, but the Yellow River people (who originated in what is now called eastern China) took over all the other Indigenous groups in East Asia such as the Jomon people, the Ainu people, the Dzungar people, the Baiyue people, the Indigenous Taiwanese people (who were originally of Austronesian descent) and the Negrito peoples, and now the Ti...an people and the ...... people.
低基因多樣性。
他們曾經(jīng)有更高的基因多樣性，但黃河流域的人（起源于現(xiàn)在的中國東部）征服了東亞的其他所有土著群體，如繩文人、愛努人、準(zhǔn)噶爾人、百越人、原本屬于南島語系的臺灣（地區(qū)）土著人民和尼格里圖人，現(xiàn)在還有藏族人和WWE族人。
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The Yellow River people and Austronesian and Austroasiatic people also mixed where China and Southeast Asia meet, and in the Philippines, so those people can look like anything in-between.
南島語系和南亞語系的人也征服了曾經(jīng)生活在東南亞的其他土著群體。
黃河流域的人以及南島語系和南亞語系的人在中國與東南亞交界處，以及在菲律賓交匯，因此這些人看起來可能像兩者之間的任何混合。
In contrast, Africa has the highest genetic diversity. They have Khoi people, San people, Bantu people, Pygmy people, Afroasiatic people, Malagasy people, Hausa people, and so many other people, and they are all as different from each other as they are to people from anywhere else in the world. But most people in other parts of the world only know about Bantu people, and maybe also Sudanic people, or people from Somalia.
如今，只有少數(shù)土著群體仍然存在，最著名的例如在圣特尼爾島上生活的圣特尼爾人，但在亞洲其他地方也有一些土著群體分布，如新幾內(nèi)亞、泰國南部、新疆以及亞洲的其他一些地方。
相比之下，非洲擁有最高的基因多樣性。非洲有夸伊人、桑人、班圖人、侏儒人、阿非羅阿西亞人、馬達(dá)加斯加人、豪薩人等許多不同的群體，他們彼此之間的差異和與世界上其他地方的人一樣大。但世界其他地方的大多數(shù)人只知道班圖人，可能也知道蘇丹人或來自索馬里的人民。
Because we are closely related and share a common origin. For more information see: Recent developments regarding human genetics and human origin, with a special look onto East-Eurasian peoples and their history.
If you want to see about the East/Southeast Asian look: Tao Zhang's answer to Besides the eyes and the nose, what makes an Asian look Asian?
因?yàn)槲覀儽舜岁P(guān)系緊密，擁有共同的起源。有關(guān)更多信息，請參見：關(guān)于人類基因?qū)W和人類起源的最新進(jìn)展，特別關(guān)注東亞/東南亞人群及其歷史。
如果你想了解東亞/東南亞人群的外貌，可以參考Tao Zhang對“除了眼睛和鼻子，是什么讓亞洲人看起來像亞洲人？”的回答。
Southeast Asians and East Asians are very closely related and cluster tightly together compared with other populations. Liu et al. 2020 calculated that Southeast Asians and East Asians are genetically nearly identical. The non-East-Eurasian admixture in Southeast Asians was estimated between 1% to 11%. Rowold et al. 2020 found in a large genetic study, consisting of worldwide populations, that Southeast Asians and East Asians are closely clustered together and far away from other reference populations of Europe and Africa. East/Southeast Asians form a cluster most distinct from any other cluster.
關(guān)于這個話題沒有太多要說的。關(guān)系密切的人看起來相似。
東南亞人和東亞人之間的關(guān)系非常緊密，且與其他人群相比，他們的基因聚集性較高。Liu等人（2020）計算出東南亞人和東亞人基因幾乎相同。東南亞人中的非東亞-歐亞混合成分估計在1%到11%之間。Rowold等人（2020）在一項(xiàng)涵蓋全球人群的大型基因研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)，東南亞人和東亞人密切聚集在一起，遠(yuǎn)離歐洲和非洲的其他參考人群。東亞/東南亞人群形成的聚集體與其他任何聚集體最為不同。
There are few genetic differences between Southeast Asians and East Asians. Southeast Asians largely descend from East Asians who migrated into Southeast Asia during the Neolithic period.
Southeast Asians sometimes look different to East Asians because they either assimilated or displaced the native Black inhabitants of Southeast Asia.
東南亞人和東亞人之間的基因差異很小。東南亞人大多是源自于在新石器時代遷移到東南亞的東亞人。
東南亞人有時看起來與東亞人不同，因?yàn)樗麄兓蚴峭耍蚴侨〈藮|南亞的本土黑人居民。
It's a racial thing. Generally, people think races, except for their own, look alike. It is because you are raised and hang around the same race as you. So when you see other people of other races, they look alike to you.
這是一個種族問題。通常，人們認(rèn)為除了自己的種族外，其他種族看起來都相似。因?yàn)槟闶呛拖嗤N族的人一起長大的，所以當(dāng)你看到其他種族的人時，他們看起來對你來說都很相似。
They have much similarity but slighter Differences as well.
SEA eyes are little bigger compare to EA people. SEA look mostly like Native SEA, Hawaiian, and Samoan. EA look more like darker version of Mongols. Mongolian have Reddish skin and they look even more whiter than the average EA
他們有很多相似之處，但也有一些微小的差異。
東南亞人的眼睛相對比東亞人稍大。東南亞人的外貌大多像本土東南亞人、夏威夷人和薩摩亞人。東亞人看起來更像蒙古人，只是膚色稍微暗一些。蒙古人有些偏紅的膚色，看起來比普通東亞人更白。
Because “l(fā)ook like” is an extremely UN-scientific way of judging anything.
I am astounded at the number of Quorans (and others) who seem obsessed by their own perception of who looks like - or doesn’t look like - someone else. It marks them as superficial at best.
因?yàn)椤伴L得像”是一種極其不科學(xué)的判斷方式。
我對許多Quora用戶（以及其他人）似乎對自己對“誰像誰”或者“不像誰”的看法感到癡迷感到震驚。這只能說明他們是膚淺的，至多如此。
It’s just like some East Asians look like Southeast Asians, some “white Americans” look like Latinos. The problem is that some people are obsessed with labeling and categorizing.
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就像一些東亞人看起來像東南亞人，一些“白人美國人”看起來像拉丁裔。問題在于，有些人癡迷于標(biāo)簽和分類。
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Maybe because Southeast Asians and Asians are pretty similar culturally and genetically especially when compared to say Sub Saharan Africans. They also share many of the similar environmental factors that led to shared traits.
But don’t get me wrong there is a great amount of diversity in the Asia Pacific Region within ethnic subgroups.
也許是因?yàn)闁|南亞人和東亞人在文化和基因上非常相似，特別是與撒哈拉以南非洲人相比。它們也共享許多相似的環(huán)境因素，這些因素導(dǎo)致了相似的特征。
但別誤會，亞洲太平洋地區(qū)的不同族群之間有著極大的多樣性。
same question why do east asians look similar and even all black people in africa and white people in europe of every country look alike too!
同樣的問題，為什么東亞人看起來相似，甚至非洲所有的黑人，以及歐洲的所有白人看起來也像呢？
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They share a lot of DNA of ancient Siberian and certain central Asian populations. In addition, there have been moves into southeast Asia by the Chinese and people related more closely to them (such as the Thai ethnicity proper). Much of the ‘look’ associated with East Asia in general is derived from these two features: presence of prehistoric Siberian genetics, and consistent gene flows from China and Its close geographic/ethnic kin.
他們有很多來自古代西伯利亞和某些中亞人群的基因。此外，漢族人也曾遷移到東南亞，甚至和他們關(guān)系更近的民族（如泰族）也曾在該地區(qū)定居。與東亞相關(guān)的“面貌”特征主要來自這兩個因素：史前西伯利亞基因的存在，以及中國及其緊密相關(guān)的地理/民族群體的持續(xù)基因流動。
Maybe some of them have recent east asian admixture. There are Han Chinese people living in Southeast Asia. I think Vietnamese people are the most Chinese-looking southeast asians.
也許他們中的一些人有近期的東亞血統(tǒng)。東南亞有漢族人。我認(rèn)為越南人是最像中國人的東南亞人。
if you are talking about heritage they don’t look similar. I think you may be confusing geographical and ancestry aspects. East Asians are white, whiter than caucasians..while south East Asians are brown and you have everything in between.
You will always for example find Mediterranean looking people in Nordic countries won’t you? Would you then draw the conclusion that Swedes and Italians look the same?
如果你在談?wù)撨z產(chǎn)，他們看起來并不相似。我認(rèn)為你可能混淆了地理和祖先方面的差異。東亞人是白人，比高加索人還要白，而東南亞人是棕色的，你會看到兩者之間的各種膚色。例如，你在北歐國家總會找到地中海風(fēng)格的人，不是嗎？你會因此得出瑞典人和意大利人看起來一樣的結(jié)論嗎？
Chinese, Japanese, Koreans look very similar and even themselves sometimes can’t tell. Most of Southeast Asians ( Vietnamese, Thai, Lao, Filipinos ) don’t look like E Asians but some do because they might have some E.Asian blood.
中國人、日本人、韓國人看起來非常相似，甚至他們自己有時也分辨不出。大多數(shù)東南亞人（越南人、泰國人、老撾人、菲律賓人）看起來不像東亞人，但有些人確實(shí)有類似的外貌，因?yàn)樗麄兛赡苡幸恍〇|亞血統(tǒng)。
Some South East Asian migrated from China when nomads invaded from the North, and countries like Vietnam and laos had historically been part of China.
一些東南亞人從中國遷移過來，當(dāng)時北方的游牧民族入侵，像越南和老撾這樣的國家曾經(jīng)是中國的一部分。
Austronesian;
Indonesia- Philippines -Malaysia -Some Thailand -Singapore, Madagascar, Maldives
Vedoid;
Malaysia - Indonesia -Philippines -Singapore -India -Bangladish -Pakistan -Sri Lanka
Tamil;
Malaysia- Indonesia -Singapore -Sri Lanka -Southern India
Austronesian Peninsular/ Paleo-Mongoloid;
Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar
Neo Mongoloid;
China- Vietnam- South Korea -Malaysia- Singapore- Thailand, Myanmar- Singapore -Philippines -Japan
Proto-Mongoloid;
Japan - Ainu- /?
Negritos;
Philippines- Pacific island Tribe especially Papua New Guinei -Old World Africans
Hispanic/ Euro-Asian;
Philippines - /? (Some SouthEast Asian Nation Diaspora were Isolated cases only, not defined for Colonial mixed as though only the Philippines have amplified cases but not under the Majority numbers compare to Latin America in Combined Diaspora)
奧斯特羅尼西亞人；
印度尼西亞 - 菲律賓 - 馬來西亞 - 部分泰國 - 新加坡，馬達(dá)加斯加，馬爾代夫
維多伊人；
馬來西亞 - 印度尼西亞 - 菲律賓 - 新加坡 - 印度 - 孟加拉國 - 巴基斯坦 - 斯里蘭卡
泰米爾人；
馬來西亞 - 印度尼西亞 - 新加坡 - 斯里蘭卡 - 南印度
奧斯特羅尼西亞半島/古蒙古人種；
老撾、柬埔寨、越南、泰國、緬甸
新蒙古人種；
中國 - 越南 - 韓國 - 馬來西亞 - 新加坡 - 泰國 - 緬甸 - 新加坡 - 菲律賓 - 日本
原始蒙古人種；
日本 - 愛奴人 - /?
尼格里圖人；
菲律賓 - 太平洋島嶼部落，尤其是巴布亞新幾內(nèi)亞 - 舊世界非洲人
西班牙裔/歐亞混血；
菲律賓 - /?（一些東南亞國家的僑民屬于孤立案例，并沒有像拉丁美洲那樣的廣泛混血情況）
為什么所有東南亞人在文化和外貌上都很相似？
Man, this is gonna be a long one.
It’s not just similarities in culture and looks for southeast Asians, but also in language and writing systems, as well.
伙計，這個問題有點(diǎn)長。
東南亞人不僅在文化和外貌上有相似性，語言和書寫系統(tǒng)也有很多相似之處。
你提到的這些相似性，主要是地理因素導(dǎo)致的。以泰國、老撾、柬埔寨和越南為例，這些國家的人們有相似的膚色、體貌特征等。而且，這些國家的民族氣質(zhì)和性格也很相似，這是可以理解的，因?yàn)檫@些國家之間有陸地邊界，互相接壤。
如果你向南走，經(jīng)過這些陸地，你會到達(dá)新加坡、馬來西亞、印度尼西亞、巴布亞新幾內(nèi)亞。這些島嶼相對接近，航行非常方便，人們很容易在這些島嶼之間來回穿行。再向北走，薩巴島上方是屬于菲律賓共和國的島嶼，像棉蘭老島和巴拉望島。這個大致就是該地區(qū)的地理布局。
大約在五萬年前，東南亞的奧斯特羅尼西亞人、印度-馬來人等族群開始在這些地區(qū)之間遷徙。這些人會“跳島”，也就是說從島嶼之間航行，使用名為“巴蘭蓋”的大獨(dú)木舟，這些獨(dú)木舟有竹制的浮筒，可以容納最多500人。他們會在這些島嶼之間探索、交易和定居。甚至這些人曾航行到夏威夷、向北到日本、向南到澳大利亞，向西到馬達(dá)加斯加。
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Around 1000–1500 years ago, the Indo-Malayan and Philippine islands were part of the SriVajayan Empire, which saw trade and culture exchanged in those regions more freely, as well as writing. In the Philippines, there is a form of writing known as Baybayin, which is derived from the sanskrit writing system, but is uniquely Filipino.
I hope this helps to answer your question. If you have any further questions, or need me to clarify anything, please let me know and I’ll do my best to respond
如此大規(guī)模的人口遷徙，導(dǎo)致了這些旅行者會在他們到達(dá)的地方定居并與當(dāng)?shù)厝送ɑ椤?br /> 大約在1000到1500年前，印度-馬來群島和菲律賓群島曾是斯里維賈亞帝國的一部分，這促進(jìn)了這些地區(qū)的文化和貿(mào)易交流，包括書寫系統(tǒng)。在菲律賓，曾有一種名為“Baybayin”的書寫方式，它源自梵文書寫系統(tǒng)，但又獨(dú)具菲律賓特色。
My answer is going to be broad - so i’m not trying to be too specific
Mainland SEA look different from the island SEA.
Malaysia, Indonesia, and a tiny bit of the Philippines share similar culture. Also Brunei I think.
Philippines is also put into its own culture category, with spanish influence.
Laos, Thailand, Cambodia are put into the same category with Indian influence.
Vietnam is Chinese influenced
Singapore is Indian, Chinese + others influenced
Burma is also mainly Indian influenced but can also have ·little bits of other influence too·. (This applies to all the other countries listed as well)
Mainland SEA all kind of look the same, but it is very diverse. I’m going to list my observations:
我的回答會比較寬泛，所以我不是要說得太具體。 大陸東南亞與島嶼東南亞看起來是不同的。 馬來西亞、印度尼西亞和菲律賓的一小部分文化相似，文萊我想也包括在內(nèi)。 菲律賓的文化也被視為獨(dú)立的一類，具有西班牙的影響。 老撾、泰國、柬埔寨被歸為同一類，具有印度的影響。 越南受中國文化影響。 新加坡則受到印度、中國及其他文化的影響。 緬甸也主要受印度影響，但也有少量其他影響。（這適用于上述所有國家） 大陸東南亞的人看起來相似，但實(shí)際上非常多樣。以下是我的觀察：
Thai people are very diverse, they can look Chinese and Cambodian.
Filipinos are tanner and almost have a gray-green undertone, compared to a lot of Mainland SEA people who have kind of warmer undertones
在我看來，越南人和菲律賓人最容易區(qū)分。越南人看起來不像菲律賓人或任何其他島嶼東南亞人。我認(rèn)識很多越南裔美國人，他們看起來更像中國人，而不像柬埔寨人，但又比東亞人更具“東南亞”特征。雖然很多人可能看不出來。 泰國人非常多樣，他們看起來可能像中國人或柬埔寨人。 菲律賓人通常膚色較深，幾乎有一種灰綠色的底色，而大陸東南亞的人則通常具有更溫暖的底色。
Usually people living in the same region share the same looks and culture. Take for instance the MENA people, Southern Europeans, Africans or South Asians. Because of geographical proximity, there is a high exchange of genes and cultural influences.
But its wrong to say that all people living in the region look the same. I’m a Filipino but obviously my looks isn’t what comes to people’s minds when they think of East and Southeast Asians.
通常，生活在同一地區(qū)的人們在外貌和文化上有相似之處。例如，中東和北非人、南歐人、非洲人或南亞人。由于地理上的接近，這些地區(qū)之間有著大量的基因和文化交流。 但說整個地區(qū)的人看起來一樣是錯誤的。我是菲律賓人，但我的外貌顯然與大多數(shù)人腦海中所認(rèn)為的東亞或東南亞的樣貌不同。
Southeast Asia is a geographical concept, not an ethnic concept, Southeast Asia also has many different ethnic groups, similar to East Asia also has many different ethnic groups. , besides, Southeast Asia has a combination of many different cultures, such as Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity,.... and this is also a place with genetic diversity.
Differences in genetics,ethnicity,cultures and appearance are possible,
東南亞是一個地理概念，而不是民族概念。東南亞有許多不同的民族群體，就像東亞也有許多不同的民族群體。此外，東南亞融合了許多不同的文化，如伊斯蘭教、印度教、佛教、基督教等。這也是一個基因多樣性的地方。 基因、民族、文化和外貌的差異是可能的。