QA回答：越南的工業(yè)實(shí)力與中國相比如何？KB：兩者無法相提并論！

Kanthaswamy Balasubramaniam
I visited Vietnam for 8 days recently
No comparison whatsoever
我最近去越南考察了8天。
兩者無法相提并論。

Here are some points :-
以下是幾點(diǎn)觀察：

#1 Vietnam has virtually NO supply chain
Every factory in Vietnam runs on Chinese Machines most of the time Or in some cases German Machines
Most of the parts for Final Or Secondary Assembly come from China
越南幾乎沒有完整的供應(yīng)鏈。
越南的大多數(shù)工廠主要依靠中國設(shè)備，有時(shí)也會(huì)使用德國設(shè)備。
絕大多數(shù)用于最終或二次組裝的零部件都來自中國。

#2 Most of the Industry is still Low Grade
2. 越南的大部分工業(yè)仍屬低端。


The Largest Four Factories in the Mekong region make Textiles, Textiles, Bakelite Moulds for Phones & Cardboard Boxes
Vietnamese Industry is close to 90% Low Grade and 10% Medium Grade - similar to what China was between 2003–2007
湄公河流域最大的四家工廠生產(chǎn)紡織品、電話用酚醛模具和紙板箱。
越南工業(yè)約90%為低端產(chǎn)品，10%屬中端，類似中國2003–2007年的水平。

#3 Vietnam has a Pretty Low Supervisory Force
Vietnam has some Engineers educated in places like Singapore but even so 80% Supervisors are Chinese
Vietnam as yet don't have the volume of Skilled Workers that is needed to migrate to Medium Or High Grade Manufacture
3. 越南的管理和監(jiān)督力量相對(duì)薄弱。
越南有部分工程師在新加坡等地留學(xué)，但仍有約80%的主管崗位由中國人擔(dān)任。
越南尚不足以支撐向中高端制造業(yè)升級(jí)所需的大量熟練工人。

However some positives include
不過，也有一些積極因素：

A. Vietnam has a decent Skilled Labor Force and a lot of women laborers
B. Vietnam has 15 Industrial Parks where they now make Mid Quality Products like Branded Razor Blades & iPads
However Vietnam lacks the Logistics & Supply Chain potential of China by a very long way off
A. 越南擁有相當(dāng)數(shù)量的熟練勞動(dòng)力，且女工比例較高。
B. 越南現(xiàn)有15個(gè)工業(yè)園區(qū)，生產(chǎn)中端產(chǎn)品，如品牌剃須刀片和 iPad 等。
但在物流和供應(yīng)鏈潛力方面，越南與中國仍有很大差距。


David J Wong
Here’s an anecdotal story.
下面是一個(gè)軼事。

A couple of months back, I visited a potential OEM partner in China. They had a major manufacturing facility in Ningbo and an even larger one in another Chinese city (can’t remember which one, maybe Chongqing). Notably, in 2014 they had also set-up a company and manufacturing facility in Vietnam — before the first Trump presidency.
幾個(gè)月前，我去中國考察一家潛在的 OEM 合作伙伴。他們在寧波有一家大型工廠，在另一座城市（可能是重慶）還有更大的工廠。值得一提的是，他們早在2014年（特朗普首次上任前）就已在越南成立了公司和生產(chǎn)基地。

I commented to the person hosting me how prescient this decision appeared to be, particularly given the trade war that subsequently erupted between the US and China.
我對(duì)接待我的人說，這一決策非常高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚，尤其是在隨后爆發(fā)的中美貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)背景下。

She agreed that it had indeed been a smart move by the CEO of the company. But she also commented that finding skilled labor in Vietnam was difficult; their Chinese employees still had to fill most of the supervisory positions in their Vietnam factory. Bear in mind this is not a technology company making high-end tech products.
她同意這確實(shí)是該公司 CEO 的明智之舉，但也提到在越南招募熟練勞動(dòng)力很困難，他們在越南工廠的大部分管理崗位仍由中國員工擔(dān)任。請(qǐng)注意，這可不是一家生產(chǎn)高端技術(shù)產(chǎn)品的科技公司。

On the other hand, we just hired a software developer out of Vietnam. He’s proving to be quite a good addition to our dev team and our head of product says he’s pretty skilled. And there isn’t a week that goes by that I don’t receive an email from some software outsourcing company in Vietnam offering their services.
另一方面，我們最近剛從越南招了一名軟件工程師。他加入團(tuán)隊(duì)后表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異，我們的產(chǎn)品主管也稱贊他技術(shù)過硬。而且?guī)缀趺恐芪叶紩?huì)收到越南某軟件外包公司的郵件推銷服務(wù)。

I think this sort of shows where Vietnam is at the moment. It has huge potential. It will benefit from the Trump tariffs on China as more Chinese companies look to offshore their manufacturing. But there are also very clear barriers.
我認(rèn)為這能反映出越南目前的發(fā)展?fàn)顟B(tài)：潛力巨大，將會(huì)因特朗普對(duì)華關(guān)稅而受益，越來越多的中國企業(yè)會(huì)把制造外包到越南。但與此同時(shí)，也存在非常明顯的瓶頸。


Mo xiao
When did Vietnam compare the industrial level of Japan or South Korea? It is estimated that many people will show the expression of looking at a fool, thinking that it is unlikely.
越南何時(shí)能與日本或韓國的工業(yè)水平相比？我估計(jì)許多人聽到這話都會(huì)露出“你在逗我吧”的表情，認(rèn)為不可能。

So what causes these people to think that Vietnam, which cannot compare Japan and South Korea, but can compare to China's?
那么，是什么讓這些人覺得越南雖然比不上日韓，卻可以和中國相比呢？

Eastern Laos Legend
How can a country of 100 million people, still backward, be stronger than the industrial powers as China, Japan and South Korea? NO! no way.
一個(gè)只有1億人口、仍屬發(fā)展中國家的國家，怎么可能比中國、日本、韓國這樣的工業(yè)強(qiáng)國更強(qiáng)？絕無可能。

Vietnamese people are making slow progress in heavy industry development, but have made great strides in the fields of information technology, AI, and telecommunications. Of course that is not enough.
越南人在重工業(yè)發(fā)展方面進(jìn)步緩慢，但在信息技術(shù)、人工智能和電信領(lǐng)域取得了顯著進(jìn)展。當(dāng)然，這還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠。

Vietnam has no breakthrough in research, education and self-reliance development. Attracting foreign investment capital and foreign intelligence is only a short-term problem. Until Vietnam's natural resources are exhausted, every thing will go in another direction.
越南在科研、教育和自主創(chuàng)新方面尚無重大突破。吸引外資和外來智力只是短期現(xiàn)象。一旦越南的自然資源被開發(fā)殆盡，一切都將走向別的方向。

If this country do not study, learn and work diligently to grasp the future destiny of the country, this country will certainly become an economic vassal of China or the United States in the future. Currently, the major powers mainly dominate the economy, which is the ultimate card that influences politics.
如果越南不刻苦學(xué)習(xí)、努力工作、把握國家未來命運(yùn)，未來肯定會(huì)淪為中國或美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)附庸。如今，經(jīng)濟(jì)是影響政治的最高籌碼，而主要強(qiáng)國正主導(dǎo)著經(jīng)濟(jì)。


Roy
I can only be certain of one thing: Vietnamese men are incredibly lazy and arrogant, at least compared to Vietnamese women in their own country.
我唯一可以確定的是：越南男人非常懶惰且自負(fù)，至少和本國的越南女性相比是這樣。

Yes, Vietnamese women are highly pragmatic, hardworking, and genuinely admirable.
是的，越南女性務(wù)實(shí)勤勞，令人真心欽佩。

But Vietnamese men, as a whole, apart from sipping coffee and boasting, have not demonstrated any particularly respectable qualities.
但越南男人總體上，除了喝咖啡和吹牛，幾乎沒有展現(xiàn)出任何值得尊敬的品質(zhì)。

No one knows what these Vietnamese men are doing with their time. They’re neither building space stations nor exploring the universe. You don’t see them competing on the track with African sprinters, breaking world records in the swimming pool, or working in laboratories to develop the world’s most advanced nuclear power technologies or chip designs.
沒人知道這些越南男人在忙什么。他們既不參與太空站建設(shè)，也不探索宇宙。你不會(huì)看到他們與非洲短跑名將同場競技、在泳池中打破世界紀(jì)錄，或在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里研發(fā)最先進(jìn)的核能技術(shù)或芯片設(shè)計(jì)。

Even their neighbors, the “effeminate-sounding” Muay Thai fighters, manage to dominate others on the global stage, crushing any opponent with their Muay Thai skills.
就連他們的鄰國——那些被戲稱為"娘娘腔"的泰拳手們，也能在國際舞臺(tái)上所向披靡，用泰拳技藝碾壓一切對(duì)手。

But Vietnamese men? No one knows what they’re up to. Their daily lives seem to consist of drinking coffee and boasting. Even in fields like K-pop–style singing and dancing, Vietnamese men are nowhere to be seen.
但越南男人呢？沒人知道他們在做什么。他們的日常似乎只剩喝咖啡和吹牛。即便是在韓流式的歌舞領(lǐng)域，也看不到越南男人的身影。

The truth can be harsh, and speaking bluntly often makes it difficult for others to accept. Yes, Vietnamese nationalists might point to numerous exceptions and use sleight of hand to counter my argument.
事實(shí)往往殘酷，直言不諱也會(huì)讓人難以接受。沒錯(cuò)，越南民族主義者或許會(huì)舉出諸多例外，用各種花招反駁我的觀點(diǎn)。

What I’m saying is that Vietnamese men, as a collective, haven’t demonstrated dominance in any particular field. This lack of distinction makes them largely forgettable, as if their daily lives revolve solely around drinking coffee and boasting.
我的意思是，整體而言，越南男人在任何領(lǐng)域都沒有表現(xiàn)出卓越優(yōu)勢。這種平庸使他們很難令人記住，仿佛他們的生活只剩下喝咖啡和吹牛。

Even Indians, despite their challenges, are recognized as top-tier doctors and IT professionals. In these fields, it’s common to encounter men speaking English with an Indian accent. Koreans are known for having some of the best engineers in LED and chip technology.
就連印度人，盡管有諸多挑戰(zhàn)，卻在醫(yī)學(xué)和 IT 領(lǐng)域被認(rèn)可為頂級(jí)人才。在這些領(lǐng)域，你經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到帶著印度口音講英語的工程師。韓國人在 LED 和芯片技術(shù)方面也擁有世界頂尖的工程師。

Even Kenya, as an African nation, has athletes who dominate long-distance running, consistently claiming medals and striking fear into their competitors whenever these dark-skinned Kenyan runners step onto the track.
就連肯尼亞，這個(gè)非洲國家，也有在長跑項(xiàng)目上稱霸的運(yùn)動(dòng)員，他們在賽場上常常摘金奪銀，讓對(duì)手心生畏懼。

There are undoubtedly many smart and talented individuals in Vietnam. Their students perform "well" in math Olympiads — but only "well."
毋庸置疑，越南也有許多聰明且有才華的人。他們的學(xué)生在數(shù)學(xué)奧賽中成績“不錯(cuò)”——但僅僅是“不錯(cuò)”。

When it comes to cutting-edge science and technology, top-tier engineering, or global sports, it’s difficult to see Vietnamese men making a mark as a collective force.
但談到前沿科技、頂級(jí)工程或國際體育，難以看到越南男人作為整體力量有所建樹。